Versión de HTML Básico
Carlos Gustavo Machicado y Paúl Estrada
Analíti a
k
4
Revista de Análisis Estadístico
Journal of Statistical Analysis
tax revenues. Non-tax revenues also include the sale of
other public companies to domestic or foreign buyers.
6
The common argument that nationalization of the oil com-
pany amounted to an additional source of public revenue
thus seems poorly founded.
Public investment was approximately 8 percent of GDP
in 2006 and 2007. It decreased to 5 percent in 2008 and then
rose to 8.5 percent of GDP in 2009. Figure 4 shows a large
concentration of public investment in infrastructure over
the last five years, the government has invested an average
of 3.8 percent of GDP in infrastructure. Social investment,
which includes investment in health, education, sanitation
and housing, ranks second in terms of public spending. It
has averaged 2 percent of GDP over the last 5 years. Public
investment in infrastructure rose with economic growth,
but social investment remained nearly unchanged. Gov-
ernment capital spending in recent years has been focused
on road and water infrastructure. While public investment
to support productive activities has been rising since 2006,
it has not returned to its 2002 share of GDP.
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 (p)
Average
2005-
2008
Average
2005-
2009
Value added tax (VAT)
19.27% 21.75% 21.08% 23.24%
−
7.31% 21.33% 15.61%
Transactions tax (TT)
8.77% 6.32% 14.87% 23.02%
−
15.40% 13.25% 7.52%
Tax on profits (PT)
41.75% 38.05% 6.49% 47.18% 59.30% 33.37% 38.56%
Specific consumption tax (ICE)
18.72% 18.08% 18.87% 19.64% 5.28% 18.82% 16.12%
Complementary regime - value - added tax
(RC
−
IVA)
10.65% 1.23% 0.72% 18.83% 11.54% 7.86% 8.59%
Hydrocarbon’s special tax (IEHD)
64.44% 6.04% 19.15% 6.18%
−
29.20% 23.95% 13.32%
Financial transactions tax (FTT)
101.67%
−
29.49%
−
27.45% 5.15%
−
0.48% 12.47% 9.88%
Others
−
65.32% 8.90% 52.11% 32.29% 64.10% 6.99% 18.41%
Total Domestic Taxes
20.68% 16.63% 16.10% 24.79% 6.36% 19.55% 16.91%
Direct tax on Hydrocarbons (DTH)
136.12% 8.32% 11.57%
−
2.68% 52.00% 38.33%
Import tariff (GA)
18.38% 15.74% 21.31% 25.99%
−
16.22% 20.35% 13.04%
Total Domestic Taxes + IDH + GA
41.25% 34.10% 14.32% 21.61% 3.26% 27.82% 22.91%
Source: SIN-ANB
(p) preliminary information up to September 2009
Table 1.
Tax Revenues 2004-2009 (% variation).
Figure 4.
Public investment (percentage of GDP). Source: Central
Bank of Bolivia and Ministry of Economy and Public Finance.
Figure 5.
Current transfers in the non-financial public sector (%
of GDP). Source: Central Bank of Bolivia.
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For example, the telecom company - Entel - was nationalized in 2008, an aviation company - BOA - was created in 2008 and Comibol, a mining
company, was reactivated in 2009.
60
Analítika,
Revista de análisis estadístico
, 2 (2012), Vol. 4(2): 57-79