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Assessing the Effect of Conditional Cash Transfers in Children Chronic Stunting: The Human Development Bonus in Ecuador
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Analiti a, Revista de análisis estadístico, Vol. 13 (1), 2017
Table 10:
FRDD estimates (non-parametric
VARIABLES
(1)
(2)
(3)
Conventional
-2,045 -1,783 -2,032*
(1,409) (1,299) (1,170)
Bias-corrected
-1.624 -1.694 -2,042*
(1,409) (1,299) (1,170)
Robust
-1,624 -1,694 -2,042
(1,711) (1,442) (1,322)
Controls
NO NO YES
Observations
6.321 6.321 6.321
Obs. left main-bandwidth
549
637
627
Obs. right main-bandwidth 593
713
704
Obs. left bias-bandwidth
700
803
768
Obs. right bias-bandwidth
816
973
897
Conventional p-value
0,147 0,170 0,0824
Robust p-value
0,343 0,240 0,122
Order Loc. Poly. (p)
1
2
2
Order Bias (q)
2
3
3
BW Loc. Poly. (h)
5,252 6,338 6,248
BW Bias (b)
7,272 8,553 8,015
Standard errors in parentheses
*** p
<
0.01, ** p
<
0.05, * p
<
0.1
Dep var= HAZ (Y)
Note:
(1), (2) and (3) present non-parametric estimates of the effect of BDH reception
on stunting z-scores. The table shows conventional, bias-corrected and robust esti-
mates, and the specificities of the sample since the bandwidths are data-driven. They
are all negative, and particularly non-significant for the robust estimation
6 Conclusions and discussion
This study proposed a causal inference design attempting to evaluate the effect of the Ecuado-
rian social programme Human Development Bonus on children chronic malnutrition or stunt-
ing. The strategy implemented tries to overcome the challenge of the lack of anthropometric
measures in the official participant’s registries. The outcome selected is of particular interest,
since its prevalence, has been stagnated for the last decade around 25%. Also, research of
this topic is important given that the BDH dedicates considerable budget, 251 US$ million
in 2016 according to MCDS.
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