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Andrea Molina Vera
Analítika, Revista de análisis estadístico, (2015), Vol. 9
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Table 1:
Fertility and Labor Supply Measures in Ecuador.
Fertility and Labor-Supply Measures
1990 Census 2001 Census 2010 Census
Women aged 21-35
Mean children ever born
2.8
2.45
2.17
Percent with 2 or more children
74.1
68.61
65.12
Percent work
32.9
40.77
44.91
Percent paid work
29.6
35.1
44.17
Percent work outside the home
37.93
Percent paid employment outside the home
37.55
Observations
744321
898771
1072870
Women aged 36-50
Mean children ever born
5.19
4.08
3.38
Percent with 2 or more children
90.28
87.85
85.79
Percent work
36.07
45.71
52.15
Percent paid work
32.38
39.77
51.43
Percent work outside the home
42.21
Percent paid employment outside the home
41.89
Observations
580660
832587
1052847
Women aged 21-35 with 2 or more children
Mean children ever born
3.55
3.13
2.94
Percent with 2 or more children
66.28
57.87
52.17
Percent work
29.61
36.77
40.28
Percent paid work
26.28
31.19
39.53
Percent work outside the home
32.64
Percent paid employment outside the home
32.28
Observations
551520
616683
698674
Married women aged 21-35 with 2 or more children
Mean children ever born
3.55
3.13
2.94
Percent with 2 or more children
66.42
57.92
52.14
Percent work
27.84
34.47
36.85
Percent paid work
24.5
28.97
36.15
Percent work outside the home
29.22
Percent paid employment outside the home
28.9
Observations
520635
568594
617362
Note: 1990 and 2001 census did not asked about work inside or outside from home. The married samples
include women married or “common law marriage” at the time of the Census.
The variable used as a measure of fertility is the indicator of more than two children. The
first instrumental variable for fertility is the indicator Same sex. Other possible instruments
are Two boys and Two girls.
The labor supply variables are:
•
Work: equals 1 when a mother worked at least one hour last week. This includes those
mothers who: a) worked at least one hour prior to the census week, b) did not work
but had a work for which she was absent, c) created a product or provided a service
for one hour at least, d) helped in some business or work in the family for one hour at
least or e) performed agriculture for one hour at least.
•
Paid work: equals to 1 when the mother worked for pay and is not a family worker
without remuneration. It includes: employees (private or public), self-employed, own-
ers and managers (employers, partner), laborers or peons and domestic servants.
•
Worked away from home: equals 1 when the mother’s job is out of home.
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